Liquids are fascinatingly versatile substances, able to transition between states of tranquil serenity and utter disarray. Steady motion, a state characterized by uniformity, occurs when particles move in an organized fashion, creating a flow that is smooth. Conversely, turbulence emerges when these movements become chaotic, resulting in a whirling

Engineering design relies heavily on the principles and algorithms of mathematics. From fundamental calculations to complex simulations, mathematical models provide engineers with the structure to analyze, design, and enhance systems. A deep grasp of mathematical concepts is essential for addressing engineering issues and developing innovative solu